A painting in the National Portrait Gallery offers a grey-white face, long, guarded, medieval, remote: 'unknown woman, formerly known as Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury'. Cardinal Wolsey and the king needed no further reason to bring More into the kings service. It was the beginning of a fertile new line. The relationship between the King and Margaret wavered a bit in 1518 when Henry repossessed some of her Salisbury lands saying they belonged to the duchy of Somerset. His desire for an annulment was now not merely to secure a legitimate heir; it was also spurred by his desire to marry Anne. In 1487, an imposter, Lambert Simmel, pretended to be her brother Edward, and was used to try to gather a rebellion against Henry VII. When she reached her teens, a marriage was arranged with Richard Pole, a modest landowner with solid Tudor connections, who had been rewarded for loyalty by being made constable of several Welsh castles. But three years into his reign, the young Henry VIII restored her to the greater part of her revenues and gave her back a family title, creating her Countess of Salisbury in her own right. Margaret's mother died when she was three; her father had two servants killed when he thought they had poisoned her. It is unlikely she had seen him for many years, but in any case, mourning for a traitor was inadvisable. After Richard was killed, Margaret came to court under the new regime, and in September 1486 she attended the christening of Arthur, the first Tudor prince. Her son Reginald described himself afterwards as son of a martyr and in 1886, Pope Leo XIII had Margaret Pole beatified as a martyr. (Edward would have had a better right to the throne as son of Richards older brother.) Here's how the cast of The Spanish Princess compares to their real-life counterparts, from Catherine to Margaret Pole. Then, in good faith, between your grace and me is but this, that I shall die today, and you tomorrow.. Henry Courtenay och Margaret Pole och fngslades i Towern. She certainly didn't bow to any pressure later in her life to give up her son. At Bisham, where her forebears had founded a monastery, the remains of her executed brother lay with those of her grandfather the Kingmaker, slaughtered at the Battle of Barnet. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. For these reasons, More had no cause to suspect his monarch of anything less than fealty to their shared faith. And More was more convinced than ever that he needed to leave royal service. As part of the investigations into the so-called Exeter Conspiracy, Geoffrey Pole was arrested in August 1538. The boy, born in 1519, was welcome proof to Henry that he could father a son and that his lack of an heir was entirely Katharines fault. Warwick But with him away from court there were outside influences on their relationship that neither brother could see coming. Margarets whole family had been elevated with her on the wheel of fortune. Stoke was a decisive victory. Arthur Pole suffered a setback when his patron Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham, was convicted of treason in 1521, but he was soon restored to favour. It was during this trip that he began to write Utopia, his most famous work. [13], In 1537, Reginald (still not ordained) was made a Cardinal. Mores adolescent years were spent under the reign of Henry VII, the first Tudor king. He was not prepared, as he saw it, to imperil his immortal soul by taking the oath that Henry required of all his people, and he died for his belief.. In the spring of 1536 the Boleyn family were destroyed, and the Pole family and other English grandees grouped themselves about the incoming queen, Jane Seymour. There was a feeling in England that a new era had begun. Katharine was the kings true wife. True or not, the marriage proved to be happy and fruitful, though of brief duration. Perhaps more than any other courtier of Henrys reign, More embodied the searching, troubled spirit of the early 16th century. When Arthur died in 1502, the Poles lost that position. But for now he was out of Henrys reach, leaving his family as hostages. Get the best results here. Not only did this mean that Margaret came of royal stock, but it meant that she came from the family that was historically opposed to the reign of the Tudors, a fact that would affect her throughout her life. This was partly due to Mores intellectual prominence; he was perhaps the most famous Englishman on the continent, with a wide and varied correspondence. Ultimately, they would both become martyrs of their faith (though this show is not likely . He was no fool; he noted Wolseys great and increasingly ostentatious wealth. When Henry gave the nod for the execution to take place, no one was give. She was now one of the richest people in England. She built herself a castle at Warblington, close to the sea on the Hampshire-Sussex border. Rather, he felt that he could be more effective in the city itself, not closeted away amongst the nobles and councilors of Henrys court. Besides Ursula, four of Margarets children lived to adulthood. England became an embattled nation. He waited five days before being summoned to the scaffold on Tower Hill. Mores piety was the defining aspect of his character; even as the circumstances of his life changed, it remained constant and unyielding. Buckingham was alleged to have said that the lack of sons to carry on the Tudor line was Gods punishment for the imprisonment and death of the young Earl of Warwick. Henry, the eldest son, though knighted and given the family title Lord Montagu, did not share the general admiration for the king. She was more likely arrested simply because of her maternal connection to Henry and Reginald, her sons, and perhaps the symbolism of her family heritage, the last of the Plantagenets. It was then discovered that More had written to John Fisher, the bishop of Rochester, who was also imprisoned in the Tower for not taking the oath. More was not a man to be broken by prison, but he suffered physically. Basically, they disliked and mistrusted one another. He could now only write to his wife and favorite daughter Margaret with a piece of coal or burnt stick on scraps of paper. Margaret's relationship with Henry VIII, must have been good. Margaret is the main character of Samantha Wilcoxson's 2016 novel, Dwyer, J.G. The 8-episode season follows Catherine of Aragon (Charlotte Hope) and King Henry VIII's (Ruari O'Connor) tumultuous marriage. [11], In 1531, Reginald Pole warned of the dangers of the Boleyn marriage. Henry VII had controlled them first while her brother was a minor and then during his imprisonment; he later confiscated them after his trial. Henry was negotiating a glorious marriage for Prince Arthur, to a daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella. After her husband's death, Margaret acted as regent for her son James V, from 1513-1515. He had several other livings, although he had not been ordained a priest. London Review of Books, Henry VII also decided, about that time, to marry the 15-year-old Margaret to his half-cousin, Sir Richard Pole. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. Katheryn Howard was fortunate. After Richard III seized the throne, he sent Margaret to Yorkshire with her brother. But Reginald, it seemed, always got a tip-off. And his old friend, the duke of Norfolk, took care to warn him of his danger, Indignatio principis mors est. To which More famously replied, Is that all, my lord? His name was on the attainder and he was brought before the Privy Council in February 1534. Margaret Pole, N B tc ca Salisbury (ting Anh: Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury; 14 thng 8 nm 1473 - 27 thng 5 nm 1541), l mt nh i qu tc Anh quc.B l con gi ca George Plantagenet, Cng tc x Clarence, em trai ca Quc vng Edward IV v anh trai ca Richard III.Margaret l mt trong s t nhng ngi ph . Henry VIII was a Catholic ruler, and enjoyed friendly relations with the papacy until he sought to divorce Katharine. Ten years on, her situation was more difficult to negotiate. You may not of heard of Margaret Pole so I will fill you in because her death was quite brutal and makes an interesting read, (if you like the darker side of the Tudors). It was five years after the likely date of Margarets marriage that her first son was born. Henry and his ministers suspected Reginald of plotting to marry the kings daughter Mary, and unite her claim with his. Margaret Plantagenet, the daughter of George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence and of his wife, Isabel Neville, was born on 14th August 1473 at Farleigh Castle, near Bath. The trial of Sir Thomas More for treason opened in Westminster Hall on July 1, 1535. We know her, as we know so many of her contemporaries, through her inventories, through legal documents and official letters. Mary's household was broken up at the end of the year, and Margaret asked to serve Mary at her own cost, but was not permitted. The one potentially scandalous act of his life was his quick second marriage to a widow seven years his senior, Alice Middleton. And so, when More returned from a diplomatic mission to France in summer 1527, the king laid the open Bible before his favorite councilor. But in the meantime, More had eighteen months of seclusion and study at his home in Chelsea. He answered their queries as best he could, assuring them of his loyalty to king and state and stressing the matter of his personal conscience. . He had once served under Wolsey and knew More well. If Margaret played any part in the downfall of Henrys second queen, her role was so far behind the scenes that it has left no trace. He later characterized this as abandonment by his mother, and bitterly resented it for much of his life, although he became an important figure in the church. She, her grandson, Henry (son of her own son Henry), and Exeter's son were held together and supported by the king. When Catherine of Aragon gave birth to a daughter, Mary, Margaret Pole was asked to be one of the godmothers. Her son Arthur joined them, dying young, probably in the sweating sickness epidemic of 1528. Henry VII had Edward executed, leaving Margaret as the sole survivor of George of Clarence. A third account in Burke's Peerage, possibly apocryphal, described the appalling circumstances of the execution. In 1485, he was defeated and killed at the Battle of Bosworth by Henry Tudor, who succeeded him as Henry VII. A possible portrait of Margaret Pole (c. 1535). Soon, young Edward, a potential York claimant to the throne, was moved to the Tower of London. It was, Pierce says, as if Margaret had won the lottery. If he had trusted her once, he no longer did so. There is an apocryphal story that Morton predicted his bright and lively page would grow into a marvelous man. This was on 16 May 1532, the date on which the archdiocese of Canterbury, as head of the English clergy, sent a document to Henry VIII in which is promised to never legislate or even convene without royal assent, thus making the king a lay person head of the spiritual order in England. He then disappeared into his private closet, and after an hour, came out as cheerful as before. She was born on the 14th August 1473 and married Sir Richard Pole in 1491, having five children before she was widowed in 1505. Margarets youngest son, Geoffrey, probably under threat of torture, denounced not only his own family but the Courtenay clan and other prominent members of the old families. She served later as a governess to Mary. But to Mores credit, he made an impassioned plea for greater freedom of speech in parliament. He needed to convince the Spanish he was secure in his kingdom. Margaret Pole was the daughter of George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence, brother to Edward IV, and a leading figure in the Wars of the Roses. The pope would not relent. [5] When Perkin Warbeck impersonated Edward IV's presumed-dead son, Richard of Shrewsbury, 1st Duke of York, in 1499, Margaret's brother Edward was attainted and executed for involvement in the plot. On 27th May, in 1541 Margaret Pole, niece of Richard III and Edward IV, was executed at the command of Henry VIII. Six months later, Cromwell produced a tunic marked with the wounds of Christ, claiming it had been found in that search, and used that to arrest Margaret, though most doubt that. But not before Lina imparted . Lewis, Jone Johnson. And so he was imprisoned in the Tower of London on 17 April 1534. [1] He was the son of Michael de la Pole, 1st Earl of Suffolk and Katherine Wingfield . More would stand trial for his life. Contemporary chroniclers often referred to him as a friend of the poor. It was a small mercy. Towards the block I shall not go! In Utopia, he identified himself as a citizen of London, and it was in London that he was born on 7 February 1477, the only surviving son of John More and his first wife, Agnes Graunger. Margaret Pole was restored to a position as lady-in-waiting, which helped her financial situation. Anne was the anointed queen. By 1520, as an indication of the trust placed in her, she had been appointed lady governor to the Princess Mary, born in 1516 and the only child of the royal marriage to survive for more than a few weeks. Henry was able to play peacemaker. Since Margaret and her brother, Edward, were debarred from the throne by their father's attainder, their uncle, Richard, Duke of Gloucester, was offered the crown and became king as Richard III. The reasons were various, but the most important was Katharines position as aunt to the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V. Charles would not let his aunt be cast aside (he was also considering the dynastic appeal of her daughter with Henry), and he pressured the pope to deny Henrys petition. For highlights from the latest issue, our archive and the blog, as well as news, events and exclusive promotions. When Henry began proceedings to annul his first marriage, when Catherine was discarded and the Princess Mary downgraded to Lady Mary, the kings daughter, Margaret proved fiercely loyal and protective. letters@lrb.co.uk She was, Pierce says, intelligent, unquestionably virtuous, traditionally pious, and possessed an easy familiarity with the convoluted etiquette of a royal court. He has been held up to schoolchildren for centuries as the most. In the end, he decided, in the words of his friend Erasmus, to be a chaste husband rather than an impure priest.. But no one could be sure they were dead, and not escaped abroad, or living under assumed names. [18][19][20][21][22] Margaret was buried in the chapel of St Peter ad Vincula within the Tower of London. Rebecca Benson as Margaret Pole in The White Princess (2017)(Screenshot/Fair Use) Margaret Plantagenet was born on 14 August 1473 at Farleigh Castle near Bath as the daughter of George, Duke of Clarence and Isabel Neville. Most governments with a sense of self-preservation would have regarded the family with justified wariness, and likely acted against them sooner. His father recalled him to London and he trained as a law student at New Inn and later Lincolns Inn. As widows, or as deputies to living husbands, they handled complex legal and financial affairs with aplomb, while assenting outwardly at least to their status as irrational and inferior beings. He sent envoys. On the scaffold, Margaret prayed for the royal family all except Anne Boleyns daughter, Elizabeth, whom she regarded as illegitimate. She was an apt enough pupil to later converse with visitors in Latin. Marys food, Henry ordered, was to be served with joyous and merry communication. In an effort to force their co-operation, Henry separated his wife and child, and Margaret who was Marys godmother offered to serve the young girl at her own expense. Edward was briefly displayed in public at St Paul's Cathedral in 1487 in response to the presentation of the impostor Lambert Simnel as the "Earl of Warwick" to the Irish lords. He blindfolded himself and exhorted the assembled crowd to witness his end in the faith and for the faith of the Catholic Church, the kings good servant but Gods first. Even Mores Protestant enemies did not believe him a traitor; his death was almost universally held to be nothing less than martyrdom. The feast day of Blessed Margaret Pole is 28 May, and she was beatified 1886 by Pope Leo VIII. In 1499, Margarets brother Edward apparently tried to escape from the Tower of London to take part in the plot of Perkin Warbeck who claimed to be their cousin, Richard, one of the sons of Edward IV who had been taken to the Tower of London under Richard III and whose fate was not clear. Meanwhile, time was passing and a king used to instant obedience was determined to wait no longer. She managed her lands quite well, and became one of the five or six wealthiest peers in England. His choice was Jane Colt, the eldest daughter of a gentleman farmer. This site requires the use of Javascript to provide the best possible experience. Her London palace, Le Herber, stood in a busy mercantile quarter, approximately where Cannon Street Station is now, and she rented out the tenements around as workshops, stables and an inn. Sir Thomas de la Pole was born circa 1378. Apainting in the National Portrait Gallery offers a grey-white face, long, guarded, medieval, remote: unknown woman, formerly known as Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury. Ursula married into the powerful Stafford family; of Margarets sons, only Reginald did not marry; by the age of seven he was given utterly to God. Geoffrey Pole, who had given the government what it needed, was pardoned. Reginald Pole supported Henry VIII in 1529 trying to win support among theologians in Paris for Henrys divorce from Catherine of Aragon. Reginald also urged the princes of Europe to depose Henry immediately. Mores wife had been like most women of her time ill-educated, and during their brief marriage, he taught her Latin and other subjects. Yesterday we travailed with the Lady of Salisbury all day before and after noon, till almost night. Sometimes the questioners were mild, sometimes roughly spoken, traitoring her and her sons to the ninth degree yet will she nothing utter. Margaret continued not uttering, or uttering no proof of treason. By Caroline Hallemann Published: Nov 24, 2020 His months of peace ended in 1533, when he refused to attend the coronation of Anne Boleyn. Edward IV declared that Margaret's younger brother, Edward, should be known as Earl of Warwick as a courtesy title, but no peerage was ever created for him. In Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury, 1473-1541, Hazel Pierce was unable to corroborate Richard Morisyne's assertion that as a young widow Margaret Pole made her home with the other Bridgettine nuns at Syon abbey.However, the household accounts of Lady Margaret Beaufort (held at St. John's College, Cambridge) reveal that this was indeed the case, recording payments to her from . * Thomas Stafford (1531-4 May 1557) who was captured and executed for High Treason in Scarborough. Later in life, he bitterly resented her abandonment of him. Margaret Poles death, notoriously, was not a clean end. His brother came to the throne in 1509 as Henry VIII, married the widowed Catherine, and in a first flush of goodwill began to repair the damage to Margarets fortunes. Margaret was now fully under the king's will, with no title or lands to her name, she was to be styled simply as Margaret Pole. Together, they had five children, but she was widowed in 1505. There are only glimpses of her in these years: my lady Margaret of Clarence. Based in North Carolina, Higginbotham is a lawyer by background and has written several historical novels, spanning different eras. Sir Thomas having continued a Prisoner in the Tower somewhere more than a Twelvemonth, for he was committed about the middle of April 1534, and was brought to his Trial on the 7th of May, 1535. he went into the Court leaning on his Staff, because he was much weakened by his Imprisonment, but appeared with a cheerful and composed Countenance. And when the English clergy were forced to acknowledge Henry as the supreme head of their church, More attempted to resign his office. We can't imagine how Margaret was feeling, she was 65 years of age when brought to the tower in 1539, an advanced age by the standards of the day. [9] Her youngest son, Geoffrey Pole, married well to Constance, daughter of Edmund Pakenham, and inherited the estate of Lordington in Sussex. How to Be Tudor: Can a King Have Friends. Margaret was perhaps guilty only by association, but at this distance it is impossible to tell. His naivety meant that, when threats to the regime mounted, he was easily entrapped. Richard Pole held a variety of offices in Henry VII's government, the highest being Chamberlain for Arthur, Prince of Wales, Henry's elder son. He did not share his opinion with the king. The new king married Margaret's cousin, Elizabeth of York, Edward IV's daughter, and Margaret and her brother were taken into their care. Margaret and her son, Henry, pressed Arthur's widow to take a vow of perpetual chastity to preserve her inheritance for her Pole children. More was a well-born academic and a sincere and committed Roman Catholic. The Duke of Clarence plotted against Edward IV and in February 1478 was attainted and executed for treason. The Bishop of Rochester John Fisher is executed on the same charge. Their destruction came with a wave of arrests in the autumn of 1538. He encouraged them to do so. Margaret, Countess of Salisbury, was born at Farley Castle, near Bath, on 14th August, in or about the year 1473. Thomas More was beheaded in 1535 for his refusal to accept the Acts of Supremacy and the Act of Succession (1534) of Henry VIII of England and swear allegiance to Henry as head of the English Church. Margaret's own favour at Court varied. The Editor Margaret Pole was a pretty tough and clinical woman. She is a former faculty member of the Humanist Institute. Ursula Pole, married Henry Stafford, whose title and lands were lost when his father was executed for treason and attainted, restored to a Stafford title under Edward VI. His father, Sir Richard Pole, was a cousin of King Henry VII, and his mother, Margaret, countess of . It was the king who had paid for Reginalds education at Oxford and later in Italy, where his noble connections gave him the entre into the smartest humanist circles. She was a decade and a half younger than he was, and he never seems to have felt anything more than a brotherly affection for her. Chapuys suggested to Emperor Charles V that Reginald marry Mary and combine their dynastic claims. When Henry began to poll the European universities about the legality of his annulment, he chose Reginald to visit the Sorbonne, and had no fault to find with the way he carried out his mission. Eustace Chapuys, the imperial ambassador, recorded the Countess's execution in a letter to the Queen of Hungary: More had already begun writing his History of King Richard III as well; it is considered the first masterpiece of English history and is wholly pro-Tudor. Margaret is a devout Catholic and a member of the House of York, which fought Henry's father during the War of the Roses; she is first cousin of Henry's mother Queen Elizabeth of York through her father George Plantagenet, Elizabeth's uncle and the brother of Edward IV. He dictated letter after letter. The axe hit her shoulder instead of her neck, and she escaped the guards and ran around screaming as the executioner chased her with the axe. Please change your browser settings to allow Javascript content to run. A pearl necklace is just a shadow now. Thomas More is the "Man For All Seasons" in the title of the play. Henry VIIIs later statements to the contrary, his marriage to Katharine began happily and continued so for some years. [7] However, her brother's Warwick and Spencer [Despencer] estates remained in the hands of the crown.[8]. He was Dean of Exeter and Wimborne Minster, Dorset, as well as a canon of York. When Prince Arthur held court in Ludlow with the 15-year-old Catherine of Aragon, Richard Pole was with him, and a friendship began between the bride and the chamberlains wife which was to outlast Catherines life and have deep and lasting consequences for Margaret Pole. The veteran plotter Gertrude Courtenay was treated with clemency; unlike Margaret, she was not a free agent but a married woman subject to her husband, and not a claimant to the throne in her own right. She is a close student of the sources, and careful not to stuff her novels with false excitements. It was time to be rid of Warwick. Thomas More: A very brief history June 29, 2017; Henry VIII's Westminster Tournament 1511 June 5, 2017; He grew up cultivated and cosmopolitan, sensitive, lively-minded. He would arrive unbidden, to either eat with the family or walk in the garden with More, his arm slung casually about Mores shoulders. In 1886, 10 years after . Higginbotham follows Pierce in refusing to vilify Henry for his treatment of the Poles. Annes personal religious feeling was unimportant. It should be noted that Mores affinity for the monastic life never left him, despite his later marriages, family, and career. Margaret's only surviving sibling was Edward, Earl of Warwick. Thomas came from wealthy families, from trade (his father was a wealthy baker) and the law. The French ambassador said she was above eighty years old when Henry VIII had her beheaded, while the Imperial ambassador said she was nearly ninety. Her maternal grandfather was killed fighting against her uncle, Edward IV, at the Battle of Barnet. 3. She was executed in 1541, the act of attainder rendering a trial unnecessary. . To ease the situation, Margaret devoted her third son, Reginald Pole, to the Church; he was to have an eventful career as a papal Legate and later as Archbishop of Canterbury. 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